(A) General.
(1) The provisions of this rule shall apply to all surface blasting operations, including surface
blasting operations incidental to underground mining, on all industrial
minerals mining and reclamation operations. For box or contour cuts associated
with development of underground mine entries, this rule shall
applyapplies to all material above the final floor
level of the cut. For vertical shafts and drift or slope entries associated
with underground mining, this rule shall
applyapplies only to the first twenty-five feet of
material excavated below or beyond the original ground surface or point of
entry.
(2) Blasting operations shall be
conducted in accordance with all applicable state and federal laws and
regulations.
(3) For purposes of this rule,
"certified blaster" shall means a blaster who
possesses a valid certificate obtained pursuant to rule 1501:13-9-10 of the
Administrative Code and "blaster-in-charge" shall
means, for each blast, the certified blaster responsible for
the loading of the blastholes (including delay detonator connections),
detonation of the blast, and completion of the blast record required under
paragraph (E) of this rule.
(4) Blasting operations shall be
conducted only under the supervision of a certified blaster. Only a certified
blaster, or a member of the blasting crew under the direct supervision of the
certified blaster, may detonate a blast. Any certified blaster who is
responsible for conducting blasting operations at a blasting site shall give
direction and on-the-job training to persons who are not certified and who are
assigned to the blasting crew or assist in the use of explosives at that
site.
(5) Certified blasters, and other persons
responsible for blasting operations at a blasting site, shall review and know
the permittee's blasting plan and site-specific blasting requirements. The
permittee shall keep a copy of the current blasting plan and permit map at the
permit site for use by employees, contract blasters, and any other persons
responsible for blasting operations.
(B) Blasting times.
(1) Blasts may be detonated only between
sunrise and sunset. The chief may further limit the time periods for blasting
if necessary and reasonable in order to protect the public health and
safety.
(2) Blasts may be detonated at other
times only in emergency situations where rain, lightning, other atmospheric
conditions, or operator or public safety so requires. When a blast is detonated
under any of those circumstances, the blaster-in-charge shall document the
reason for the late or unscheduled blast in the blast record required under
paragraph (E) of this rule.
(C) Blasting signs, warnings, and access control.
(1) All blasting signs required to be
posted shall: be of uniform design throughout the operation,
easily visible, and made of durable material. These signs shall be maintained
during all operations to which they pertain and shall conform to local
ordinances and codes.
(a) Be of
uniform design throughout the operation;
(b) Be
easily visible;
(c) Made of
durable material;
(d) Be
maintained during all operations to which they pertain; and
(e) Conform
to local ordinances and codes.
(2) The permittee shall conspicuously
place signs reading "BLASTING AREA" along the edge of any blasting
area that comes within one hundred feet of any public road right-of-way, and at
the edge of blasting areas along access and haul roads within the permit area.
In addition to "BLASTING AREA," such signs may include supplemental
words or phrases such as "danger" or "do not
enter."
(3) At all entrances to the permit area
from any road, the permittee shall conspicuously place signs that state
"WARNING! EXPLOSIVES IN USE" which clearly explain the meaning of the
audible warning and all-clear signals in use.
(4) For each blast, the blaster-in-charge
shall determine the limits of the blasting area and communicate those limits to
the certified mine foreperson or to his or her designee. The certified mine
foreperson or his or her designee shall be
are responsible for controlling access to the blasting area to
prevent the presence of livestock or unauthorized persons at least ten minutes
before each blast, and until the blaster-in-charge has determined that no
unusual hazards, such as imminent slides or undetonated charges, exist, and
access to and travel within the blasting area can safely resume. The certified
mine foreperson or his or her designee shall not allow anyone to re-enter the
blasting area until the blaster-in-charge has confirmed that the all-clear
signal has been sounded. "Blasting area" means the area in which
airblast (concussion or shock wave), flyrock, or other blasting hazards might
cause injury to persons or damage to property. In determining the blasting
area, the following factors shall be considered:
(a) Geology of the material to be blasted;
(b) Orientation of the blast bench and rock face(s);
(c) Blast pattern layout, delay system and timing;
(d) Burden, depth, diameter and angle of the
blastholes;
(e) Blasting experience of the mine;
(f) Powder factor and pounds of explosives per
delay;
(g) Type and amount of explosive material;
(h) Type and amount of stemming;
(i) Atmospheric conditions; and
(j) Topography.
(5) At least one minute, but not more
than two minutes before the detonation of a blast, the blaster-in-charge, or
someone directed by the blaster-in-charge, shall give an audible warning
signal. If the blast is not detonated within two minutes of the audible warning
signal, the warning signal shall be repeated as required by this paragraph
before the blast is detonated. After the blast has been detonated and the
blaster-in-charge has confirmed that the blast area is safe to re-enter, an
audible all-clear signal shall be given.
(6) Warning and all clear signals, to be
produced by an airhorn, siren or similar device, shall be audible to at least
one thousand feet in all directions from the blast site. "Blast site"
means the area formed by the perimeter of the loaded blastholes and fifty feet
in all directions from loaded blastholes. The warning signal shall consist of
three long sounds, each lasting at least five seconds,.
The and the all-clear signal shall consist of one
long sound lasting at least ten seconds.
(D) Control of adverse effects.
(1) Blasting shall be conducted in a
manner that prevents injury to persons and damage to public or private property
outside the area for which a permit was issued.
(2) "Flyrock," defined as rock,
mud or debris (excluding dust) ejected from the blast site by the force of a
blast, shall not be cast beyond the permit boundary.
(a) If flyrock is cast beyond the permit boundary, the
blaster-in-charge shall notify the division of mineral resources management by
telephone within two hours after learning of the flyrock incident, and submit a
flyrock incident report to the division within three business days after
learning of the incident. Neither the permittee nor the certified blaster shall
conduct another blast directly beside or behind the blast site where the
flyrock originated until the report is properly completed and the division of
mineral resources management has acknowledged its receipt. The report shall be
signed by the blaster-in-charge who conducted the blast,.
The report shall and include, at a
minimum, a copy of the blast record and all available seismographic data, a
sketch of the blast site and rock deposition area, and a detailed explanation
of: how the blasts were designed and loaded; who witnessed the blast and where
they were located and what they observed; the location and nature of the
flyrock deposition (including property owners, type and approximate number of
rocks, size and distance range), property damages (if any) and personal
injuries (if any); what measures have been taken to repair all property damages
(if any) and address all personal injuries (if any); the probable cause of the
flyrock incident; and the corrective measures to be taken to prevent another
flyrock incident.
(3) Ground vibration, when measured at
any dwelling, public or commercial building, school, church, or community or
institutional building located outside the permit area and not owned by the
permittee, shall not exceed the frequency-dependent particle velocity limits
illustrated below, from the "Report of Investigations 8507, Appendix B:
Alternative Blasting Level Criteria (1980)," published by the former U.S.
Bureau of Mines. When applying the frequency-dependent particle velocity
limits, the lower plateau at 0.50 inches per second shall apply at its
corresponding frequencies to the nearest dwelling or building listed above,
unless the permittee submits to the chief site-specific technical evidence to
support application of the higher plateau at 0.75 inches per second, and the
chief approves a blast plan modification to that effect.
(4) Airblast, when measured at any
dwelling or building listed in paragraph (D)(3) of this rule shall not exceed
one hundred thirty-three decibels.
(5) A seismograph shall be used beside
the nearest dwelling or building in paragraph (D)(3) of this rule to
demonstrate compliance with the ground vibration and airblast limits of
paragraphs (D)(3) and (D)(4) of this rule. As an alternative to seismographic
monitoring, the blast shall comply with the scaled distance equation, W =
(D/90)2, where W is the maximum
weight of explosives, in pounds, that can be detonated within any period less
than eight milliseconds, D is the distance, in feet, from the nearest blasthole
to the nearest dwelling or building in paragraph (D)(3) of this rule, and
ninety is the applicable scaled distance factor.
(6) For structures not listed in
paragraph (D)(3) of this rule, such as oil or gas wells, oil or gas
transmission and distribution lines, high-voltage steel transmission towers,
public water lines, dams, silos, and unoccupied barns and pole buildings,
located outside the permit area and not owned by the permittee, a seismograph
shall be used beside the nearest structure to demonstrate that the peak
particle velocity did not exceed 2.0 inches per second. As an alternative to
seismographic monitoring, the blast shall comply with the scaled distance
equation, W = (D/40)2, where W is
the maximum weight of explosives, in pounds, that can be detonated within any
period less than eight milliseconds, D is the distance, in feet, from the
nearest blasthole to the nearest structure, and forty is the applicable scaled
distance factor. A higher peak particle velocity limit may be approved for a
specific structure if the permittee submits to the chief site-specific
technical evidence to support the higher limit, and the chief approves a blast
plan modification to that effect.
(7) Any or all of the ground vibration
and airblast limits in paragraphs (D)(3), (D)(4) and (D)(6) of this rule may be
waived by the current owner or controlling authority of the dwelling, building
or structure, provided such waiver is in the form of a written consent,
submitted to the division of mineral resources management upon application for
a new permit or an amendment to add acreage to an existing permit, or with a
request to modify a mining and reclamation plan, and approved by the
chief.
(8) All seismographs used to prove
compliance with the ground vibration and airblast limits required by this rule
shall have seismic and acoustic systems with a minimum frequency range of two
to two hundred fifty hertz, with accuracies that meet or exceed the performance
specifications for blasting seismographs adopted by the international society
of explosives engineers, "ISEE Performance Specifications for Blasting
Seismographs, 2011 Edition," available as a digital download from the
"International Society of Explosives Engineers" at the website
www.isee.org. The ground vibration shall be measured as the particle velocity
and recorded in three mutually perpendicular directions. The maximum allowable
frequency-dependent particle velocity limits and peak particle velocity limits
in this rule shall apply in each of the three directions of
measurement. Whenever possible, the seismographic measurement shall be made
within ten feet of the building or structure being monitored, on the side of
the building or structure closest to the blast site.
(9) Any person who operates a seismograph
for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with the ground vibration and
airblast limits of this rule shall have received appropriate training, for the
specific seismograph model(s) in use, in: programming the seismograph(s) to
record the blast; positioning the geophone and microphone; coupling the
geophone to the ground; extracting the data after the blast in digital and
printed form; and understanding the results. Such training shall be received
from a representative of the seismograph manufacturer or distributor, or other
competent person,. A a record of such training
shall be maintained by the seismograph operator or his or her
employer, and made available for inspection by the chief or his or her
authorized representative upon request.
(E) Blast records.
(1) The permittee shall retain a record
of all blasts for at least three years, and shall make those records
available for inspection upon request by the chief or an authorized
representative of the chief.
(2) Where blast records are normally kept
at an office of the permittee not located on the permit site, the record for
each blast shall be on file at that office within five business days after the
blast is detonated.
(3) Blast records shall be accurately
completed at the mine site by the blaster-in-charge, and shall
contain the following data for each blast:
(a) Name of the permittee and permit number;
(b) Name of the firm conducting the blast, if different from the
permittee;
(c) Location, date, and time of blast;
(d) Printed name, signature, and certification number of the
blaster-in-charge, and the name of each person on the blasting
crew;
(e) Relative to the nearest blasthole, the identification of,
distance to, direction to, and method used to determine the distance and
direction to, the nearest dwelling, public or commercial building, school,
church, or community or institutional building outside the permit area that is
not owned by the permittee. The direction shall be stated in degrees, as an
azimuth from zero to three hundred sixty degrees. The distance shall be stated
in feet, as derived from an aerial photo, a topographic map, conventional field
measurement devices (e.g., measuring tape or transit), or electronic devices
(e.g., laser-ranging or global positioning system units);
(f) Weather conditions, including temperature and approximate
wind direction and velocity;
(g) Type of material blasted;
(h) Number, diameter, and depth of holes;
(i) Depth of subdrilling, where applicable;
(j) Burden and spacing dimensions;
(k) Type, manufacturer, and amount of explosives used, including
bulk, bagged, or cartridged explosives, detonating cord, primers, and surface
and in-hole delay detonators;
(l) Total weight of explosives used;
(m) Weight of explosives used per hole;
(n) Maximum number of holes and maximum weight of explosives
detonated within any period less than eight milliseconds;
(o) The actual scaled distance factor, expressed as the distance
from the nearest blasthole to the nearest dwelling or building in paragraph
(E)(3)(e) of this rule, divided by the square-root of the maximum weight of
explosives detonated in any period less than eight milliseconds;
(p) Type of initiation system used, including the type of
blasting machine or other power source, and the types of trunkline and downline
systems, if not readily apparent from other information in the blast
record;
(q) Sequential timer setting, in milliseconds, if
applicable;
(r) Type and length of stemming used per hole;
(s) Sketch of the blast pattern showing all holes, delay pattern
(including initiation hole, hole-to-hole and row-to-row delay detonator
locations and periods, where applicable, or electronically programmed hole and
deck firing times, where applicable), location of free faces and previously
blasted material, and a north arrow;
(t) Sketch of a typical blasthole cross-section showing the depth
and location of stemming and explosive decks, primers, and delay
detonators;
(u) Mats or other special protections used;
(v) Seismographic records, when required for compliance, shall be
attached to the blast record within five business days of the blast, and
shall include:
(i) Make, model and serial number of the seismograph, seismic and
acoustic trigger levels, and most recent annual calibration date;
(ii) Exact location of the seismograph and distance from the
blast, and the date and time of the recorded blast event;
(iii) Name of the person and firm operating the
seismograph;
(iv) Full waveform printout, including: three mutually
perpendicular channels of ground vibration and an airblast channel; dynamic
calibration results; a plot of particle velocity versus frequency with a
comparison to the frequency-dependent blast vibration limits in paragraph
(D)(3) of this rule, based on a half-cycle zero-crossing analysis method; and
the peak particle velocity and airblast levels; and
(v) If the seismograph fails to be triggered by the blast, a
printout showing the date and time the seismograph was armed and ready to
record a blast and the date and time the seismograph was disarmed or shut down,
or a written statement including the above information, signed by the
seismograph operator and attached to the blast record; and
(w) Reasons and conditions for a late or unscheduled
blast.